1 10 15 https://digex.lib.uoguelph.ca/files/original/fd13976607b107780ca8ab951747b899.jpg e629b9874279738e860c9210ddb8a2df Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bidloo and Cowper: Seventeenth Century Anatomical Conflicts Subject The topic of the resource Seventeenth Century Anatomical Atlas production and reception Description An account of the resource This collection will contain a series of illustrations and texts from three seventeenth century Dutch and English anatomical atlases, as well as correspondence between the anatomists Govard Bidloo and William Cowper Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rose Conlin Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available U.S. National Library of Medicine Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1685-1698 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine) Language A language of the resource Dutch Latin English Type The nature or genre of the resource Medical Text Portraiture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Seventeenth Century Dutch Republic, Seventeenth Century England Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1685, 1690, 1698 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Table 70: Dissection of the Forearm Subject The topic of the resource Anatomy Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gerard de Lairesse (artist), Peter and Philip van Gunst (engravers) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Anatomia Humani Corporis Ontleding des Menschelyken Lichaams Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The widow of Joannes van Someren, the heirs of Joannes van Dyk, Henry Boom and widow of Theodore Boom Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1685 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2004) Relation A related resource Ontleding des Menschelyken Lichaams Anatomia Humani Corporis Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Jpeg Language A language of the resource Latin Dutch Type The nature or genre of the resource Medical text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1685 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Anatomia Humani Corporis Ontleding des Menschelyken Lichaams Extent The size or duration of the resource. 62.5 x 36 cm Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Copperplate engraving on paper Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Bidloo, Govard. "88th Table." In Anatomia Humani Corporis. Amsterdam, for the widow of Joannes van Someren, the heirs of Joannes van Dyk, Henry Boom and widow of Theodore Boom, 1685. Audience A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful. Artists Medical practitioners Medical students Description An account of the resource The 70th Table depicts the dissection of the forearm, specifically displaying the muscles and connective tissue on the top of the forearm. A full arm is displayed on a wooden plank, the shoulder is draped in white cloth, which also runs diagonally down the illustration and underneath the elbow to pool at the end of the board. The arm is flayed of all skin, however the majority of its muscles remain in tact. The purpose of this illustration is to show the connective tissue that runs along the top of the forearm and across the knuckles of each finger. A pin has been inserted across the four knuckles that lie between the proximal and middle phalanxe, a compass is inserted into the extensor indicis muscle, while another thin pole is held up by a knife and prop to maintain tension in the extensor digitorum muscles that connect to three of the fingers and the thumb, though oddly, the smallest finger's connective tissue lies limp on the table. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Govard Bidloo https://digex.lib.uoguelph.ca/files/original/878a9127f7dec5df3b4631cd64334310.jpg 3e2ed67b859bf81edfe5a6303187b215 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bidloo and Cowper: Seventeenth Century Anatomical Conflicts Subject The topic of the resource Seventeenth Century Anatomical Atlas production and reception Description An account of the resource This collection will contain a series of illustrations and texts from three seventeenth century Dutch and English anatomical atlases, as well as correspondence between the anatomists Govard Bidloo and William Cowper Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rose Conlin Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available U.S. National Library of Medicine Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1685-1698 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine) Language A language of the resource Dutch Latin English Type The nature or genre of the resource Medical Text Portraiture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Seventeenth Century Dutch Republic, Seventeenth Century England Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1685, 1690, 1698 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Table 67: Dissection of the Forearm Subject The topic of the resource Anatomy Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gerard de Lairesse (artist), Peter and Philip van Gunst (engravers) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Anatomia Humani Corporis Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The widow of Joannes van Someren, the heirs of Joannes van Dyk, Henry Boom and widow of Theodore Boom Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1685 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2004) Relation A related resource Ontleding des Menschelyken Lichaams Anatomia Humani Corporis Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Jpeg Language A language of the resource Latin Dutch Type The nature or genre of the resource Medical text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1685 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Anatomia Humani Corporis Ontleding des Menschelyken Lichaams Extent The size or duration of the resource. 62.5 x 36 cm Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Copperplate engraving on paper Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Bidloo, Govard. "67th Table." In Anatomia Humani Corporis. Amsterdam, for the widow of Joannes van Someren, the heirs of Joannes van Dyk, Henry Boom and widow of Theodore Boom, 1685. Audience A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful. Artists Medical practitioners Medical students Description An account of the resource The 67th Table illustrates one stage in the process of dissecting the forearm. This particular stage highlights the muscles and sinew that connect from the elbow to the palm and fingers of the hand. The forearm appears to be separated at the elbow joint, which is concealed under heavy white drapery. The different muscles that attach to the fingers are pulled and kept tight by an interesting tool; beside the arm is a wooden box that had two rows of holes in it, in which a thin pole is inserted. The sinew is drawn up above the pole to demonstrate not only where the muscles connect on the hand, but also to demonstrate how the body reacts when the muscles are pulled (simulating tension and flexing), versus when they are let loose (simulating relaxed muscles). The scene is presented on a wooden plank, not very different from a cutting board. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Govard Bidloo https://digex.lib.uoguelph.ca/files/original/e61acfd651940bd84680c3bc2f8832f4.jpg 857e47825190b025429e227ab2fbd0c3 https://digex.lib.uoguelph.ca/files/original/2b82d27ef6ae45e94c20a18e67568446.jpg a56a61fbc65c7650ff1059f135b38b14 https://digex.lib.uoguelph.ca/files/original/bdc80c80d40a9f29b8aa976e9726cbe0.jpg a03cb389d3cb635dcba012aeebcacf0f https://digex.lib.uoguelph.ca/files/original/6c7e1ad4ac1d2aad7b75358a770150fc.jpg 95ebb2a84af3a30c6a4c7cde648577dd https://digex.lib.uoguelph.ca/files/original/70845e027d587d85a1c6038f09f04ce1.jpg ce7b1e4b47857b4215ff506ee13ec185 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bidloo and Cowper: Seventeenth Century Anatomical Conflicts Subject The topic of the resource Seventeenth Century Anatomical Atlas production and reception Description An account of the resource This collection will contain a series of illustrations and texts from three seventeenth century Dutch and English anatomical atlases, as well as correspondence between the anatomists Govard Bidloo and William Cowper Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rose Conlin Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available U.S. National Library of Medicine Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1685-1698 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine) Language A language of the resource Dutch Latin English Type The nature or genre of the resource Medical Text Portraiture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Seventeenth Century Dutch Republic, Seventeenth Century England Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1685, 1690, 1698 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource the Anatomy of Humane Bodies Subject The topic of the resource Anatomy Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource William Cowper Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Samuel Smith and Benjamin Walford Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1698 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Gerard de Lairesse (artist), Henry Cook (artist), Peter and Philip van Gunst (engravers), Michiel van der Gucht (engraver), John Closterman (portrait artist), John Smith (engraver) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2004) Relation A related resource Ontleding des Menschelyken Lichaams Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 288 p (105 + 9 Copperplate engravings) 51 x 36 cm Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Medical text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Seventeenth century English anatomical atlas Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. The anatomy of humane bodies, with figures drawn after the life by some of the best masters in Europe, and curiously engraven in one hundred and fourteen copper plates, illustrated with large explications, containing many new anatomical discoveries, and chirurgical observations, to which is added an introduction explaining the animal oeconomy, with a copious index. Abstract A summary of the resource. Published in 1698, the Anatomy of Humane Bodies brought great notoriety to William Cowper, both positive and negative. The anatomical atlas motivated a centuries long rise in interest in anatomical development in England that had been unheard of. Cowper purchased the 300 imprints of 105 copperplate engravings used in Govard Bidloo's atlas with the aid of his publisher, Samuel Smith, from the Dutch publishers to accompany his own analysis of human anatomy. Cowper commissioned 9 additional plates that details the musculature of the full body by Henry Cook, which were engraved by the Dutch engraver Michiel van der Gucht. Because Cowper was unable to edit the original engravings, his new English title was printed and pasted over the original Dutch title of Ontleding des Menschelyken Lichaams on the allegorical title page. The lack of credit given to Bidloo within the text however initiated one of the largest copyright scandals in the seventeenth and eighteenth century. Regardless of the results that came from the copyright scandal, Cowper's English text accompanying the images is wholly original, offering a great deal of research and insight into the body that proved extremely valuable for medical development in the eighteenth century. Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Allegorical title page Text title page Dedication to Charles Montague Introduction: Explaining the Animal Oeconomy To the Reader The Anatomy of Humane Bodies An Appendix, Representing the External Muscles, and other parts of Humane Bodies which are either Omitted, or not well Exprest in the preceding Tables The Index Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1698 References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Beekman, Fenwick. “Bidloo and Cowper, Anatomists.” Annals of Medical History (1935): 113-129. Choulant, Ludwig. History of Bibliography of Anatomic Illustration In its Relation to Anatomic Science and the Graphic Arts. Trans. Mortimer Frank. Chicago: University of Chicago Press: 1920. Dumaitre, Paul. La curieuse destinee des planches anatomiques de Gerard de Lairesse. Amsterdam, Rodopi, 1982. Johns, Adrian. “Piracy and Usurpation: Natural Philosophy in Restoration.” In The Nature of the Book, Print and Knowledge in the Making. Chicago and London, University of Chicago Press, 1998. Roberts, K. B., and Tomlinson, J. D. W. The Fabric of the Body: European Traditions of Anatomical Illustration. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992. Sanders, Mark A. “William Cowper and his Decorated Copperplate Initials.” The Anatomical Record, vol. 282 (2005): 5-12. Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Book Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Cowper, William. the Anatomy of Humane Bodies, with figures drawn after the life by some of the best masters in Europe, and curiously engraven in one hundred and fourteen copper plates, illustrated with large explications, containing many new anatomical discoveries, and chirurgical observations, to which is added an introduction explaining the animal oeconomy, with a copious index. Oxford, Printed at the Theatre, for Sam. Smith and Benj. Walford, 1698. Audience A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful. Artists Medical practitioners Medical students https://digex.lib.uoguelph.ca/files/original/e3f5b1b37886cc9e87910e7809931a6a.jpg a63d06b498124feec460c79a1d76ec09 https://digex.lib.uoguelph.ca/files/original/b02c6c9c49d8ac4e2334d4a923db7a91.jpg 77772fc8d1a0cef401d16ef176afabb8 https://digex.lib.uoguelph.ca/files/original/1ef6dda5fe3f214e9c10bb69410cf66a.jpg a52467121b43eca070d61a97a75b6d0e https://digex.lib.uoguelph.ca/files/original/16082e2a53d8a2bfb07fd0dea119a192.jpg 3e2ed67b859bf81edfe5a6303187b215 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bidloo and Cowper: Seventeenth Century Anatomical Conflicts Subject The topic of the resource Seventeenth Century Anatomical Atlas production and reception Description An account of the resource This collection will contain a series of illustrations and texts from three seventeenth century Dutch and English anatomical atlases, as well as correspondence between the anatomists Govard Bidloo and William Cowper Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rose Conlin Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available U.S. National Library of Medicine Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1685-1698 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine) Language A language of the resource Dutch Latin English Type The nature or genre of the resource Medical Text Portraiture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Seventeenth Century Dutch Republic, Seventeenth Century England Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1685, 1690, 1698 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ontleding des Menschelyken Lichaams Subject The topic of the resource Anatomy Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Govard Bidloo Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The widow of Joannes van Someren, the heirs of Joannes van Dyk, Henry Boom and widow of Theodore Boom Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1690 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Gerard de Lairesse (artist), Abraham Blooteling (portrait engraver), Peter and Philip van Gunst (engravers) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2004) Relation A related resource Anatomia Humani Corporis Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 268 p (105 Copperplate engravings), 51 x 36 cm Language A language of the resource Dutch Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Abstract A summary of the resource. The Dutch translation of Govard Bidloo's 1685 anatomical atlas Anatomia Humani Corporis, Ontleding des Menschelyken Lichaams was translated by Bidloo and republished in Amsterdam in Dutch after the assumed profitable sale of his first anatomical atlas. The atlas features a new preface, dedication, and even the text from a lecture that Bidloo presented in the Hague in 1688. The 105 copperplate engravings from the original atlas are present within this atlas, with no changes added to the labeling, or textual components that accompany them. The atlas's presumed poor sales led to the publishers, specifically Henry Boom, selling 300 imprints of the engravings to Samuel Smith, publisher to the Royal Society in London and the publisher of William Cowper's 1698 atlas the Anatomy of Humane Bodies. Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Allegorical Title Page Text Title Page Dedication to all of mankind About the Author Author's portrait Appraisal The proceedings from Bidloo's lecture at a church in the Hague on March 11th, 1688 Index of Tables Introduction The first part of the dissection of the human body The second part of the dissection of the human body, acting on the chest, back, and loins The third part of the dissection of the human body, acting on the belly and even intestines The fourth part of the dissection of the human body, acting on the female and male reproductive systems The fifth part of the dissection of the human body, acting on the limbs The sixth part of the dissection of the human body, acting on all bones Conclusion Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1690 Has Version A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource. Anatomia Humani Corporis the Anatomy of Humane Bodies Is Replaced By A related resource that supplants, displaces, or supersedes the described resource. Cowper, William. the Anatomy of Humane Bodies, with figures drawn after the life by some of the best masters in Europe, and curiously engraven in one hundred and fourteen copper plates, illustrated with large explications, containing many new anatomical discoveries, and chirurgical observations, to which is added an introduction explaining the animal oeconomy, with a copious index. Oxford, Printed at the Theatre, for Sam. Smith and Benj. Walford, 1698. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Beekman, Fenwick. “Bidloo and Cowper, Anatomists.” Annals of Medical History (1935): 113-129. Choulant, Ludwig. History of Bibliography of Anatomic Illustration In its Relation to Anatomic Science and the Graphic Arts. Trans. Mortimer Frank. Chicago: University of Chicago Press: 1920. Dumaitre, Paul. La curieuse destinee des planches anatomiques de Gerard de Lairesse. Amsterdam, Rodopi, 1982. Johns, Adrian. “Piracy and Usurpation: Natural Philosophy in Restoration.” In The Nature of the Book, Print and Knowledge in the Making. Chicago and London, University of Chicago Press, 1998. Kneoff, Rina. “Moral Lessons of Perfection: A Comparison of Mennonite and Calvinist Motives in the Anatomical Atlases of Bidloo and Albinus.” In Medicine and Religion in Enlightenment Europe. England: Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2007. Pp 121-143. Kuretsky, Susan Donahue. “Lairesse Meets Bidloo, or the Case of the Absent Anatomist.” Midwestern Arcadia: Essays in Honor of Alison Kettering (2015): 28-38. Roberts, K. B., and Tomlinson, J. D. W. The Fabric of the Body: European Traditions of Anatomical Illustration. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992. Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Book Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Bidloo, Govard. Ontleding des Menschelyken Lichaams. Amsterdam, for the widow of Joannes van Someren, the heirs of Joannes van Dyk, Henry Boom and widow of Theodore Boom, 1690. Audience A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful. Artists Medical practitioners Medical students Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Bookseller’s ticker of Frederik Muller, Amsterdam https://digex.lib.uoguelph.ca/files/original/0b5915513d0f96ff345ba58babcd59b2.JPG 06c8a7cfebedb5261f9bdf2e14e952ba https://digex.lib.uoguelph.ca/files/original/bfec4e692e5facb525529012b4ab0a64.JPG 1e97746c2fc3c531674be9d0ac68065d https://digex.lib.uoguelph.ca/files/original/e338853a22f47d52a24749e1e64f224c.jpg a52467121b43eca070d61a97a75b6d0e https://digex.lib.uoguelph.ca/files/original/688e1efa715732a99a6976910737e5a1.jpg da9b730fec13854013f9a1ad52b29132 https://digex.lib.uoguelph.ca/files/original/fda5ae79dc7c00cb594ae881ce0e23f8.jpg 96f2c40ca3e88e7509d2742a24fff632 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bidloo and Cowper: Seventeenth Century Anatomical Conflicts Subject The topic of the resource Seventeenth Century Anatomical Atlas production and reception Description An account of the resource This collection will contain a series of illustrations and texts from three seventeenth century Dutch and English anatomical atlases, as well as correspondence between the anatomists Govard Bidloo and William Cowper Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rose Conlin Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available U.S. National Library of Medicine Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1685-1698 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine) Language A language of the resource Dutch Latin English Type The nature or genre of the resource Medical Text Portraiture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Seventeenth Century Dutch Republic, Seventeenth Century England Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1685, 1690, 1698 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Anatomia Humani Corporis Subject The topic of the resource Anatomy Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Govard Bidloo Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The widow of Joannes van Someren, the heirs of Joannes van Dyk, Henry Boom and widow of Theodore Boom Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1685 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Gerard de Lairesse (artist), Abraham Blooteling (portrait engraver), Peter and Philip van Gunst (engravers) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2004) Relation A related resource Ontledings des Menschelyken Lichaams Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 136 p (105 Copperplate engravings), 51 x 36 cm Language A language of the resource Latin Type The nature or genre of the resource Medical Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Seventeenth century Dutch anatomical atlas Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Anatomia Humani Corporis, centum & quinque tabulis, per artificiossis. G. de Lairesse ad vivum delineatis, demonstrata, veterum recentiorumque inventis explicata plurimisque, hactenus non detectis, illustrata. Abstract A summary of the resource. Originally published in 1685 (a later, Dutch edition, was published in 1690), Anatomia Humani Corporis features 105 copperplate engravings of the body, illustrating the muscular, skeletal, reproductive, and systemic organization of the human body with commentary. Measuring at roughly 51 cm by 36 cm, Bidloo’s anatomical atlas is one of the largest atlases created in the early modern period. The artistic influence of de Lairesse is apparent in each of the illustrations as they present the body not only in almost life size scale, but with the finely detailed accuracy that only a skilled artist could provide. Anatomia Humani Corporis was published in Latin by the widow of Joannes van Someren (a prominent book publisher in Amsterdam who passed away between 1678 and 1679), the heirs of Joannes van Dyk, Henry Boom and the widow of Theodore Boom in Amsterdam. Anatomia was dedicated to Henry Casimir II, the Dutch Stadtholder of Friesland and Groningen. The drawings for the illustrations were designed by the Dutch artist Gerard de Lairesse, a close acquaintance of Bidloo's, and engraved by the brothers Peter and Philip van Gunst. de Lairesse introduced Baroque and Pastoral elements to anatomical illustration that had otherwise been unheard of. The atlas is divided into two major sections, one detailing the muscular and systemic organization of the body, and the second detailing the skeletal makeup of the body. Eighty-three of the plates depict the body in various stages of dissection, some providing details of the instruments used. The remaining twenty-two plates, three display the surface anatomy, and nineteen depict the various bones that make up the skeleton. Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Allegorical Title Page Text Title Page Dedication to Henry Casimir II About the Author Author's portrait Appraisal Index of Tables Introduction The first part of the dissection of the human body The second part of the dissection of the human body, acting on the chest, back, and loins The third part of the dissection of the human body, acting on the belly and even intestines The fourth part of the dissection of the human body, acting on the female and male reproductive systems The fifth part of the dissection of the human body, acting on the limbs The sixth part of the dissection of the human body, acting on all bones Conclusion Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1685 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 1690 Has Version A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource. Ontleding des Menschelyken Lichaams the Anatomy of Humane Bodies Is Replaced By A related resource that supplants, displaces, or supersedes the described resource. Bidloo, Govard. Ontleding des Menschelyken Lichaams. Amsterdam, for the widow of Joannes van Someren, the heirs of Joannes van Dyk, Henry Boom and widow of Theodore Boom, 1690. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Beekman, Fenwick. “Bidloo and Cowper, Anatomists.” Annals of Medical History (1935): 113-129. Choulant, Ludwig. History of Bibliography of Anatomic Illustration In its Relation to Anatomic Science and the Graphic Arts. Trans. Mortimer Frank. Chicago: University of Chicago Press: 1920. Dumaitre, Paul. La curieuse destinee des planches anatomiques de Gerard de Lairesse. Amsterdam, Rodopi, 1982. Johns, Adrian. “Piracy and Usurpation: Natural Philosophy in Restoration.” In The Nature of the Book, Print and Knowledge in the Making. Chicago and London, University of Chicago Press, 1998. Kneoff, Rina. “Moral Lessons of Perfection: A Comparison of Mennonite and Calvinist Motives in the Anatomical Atlases of Bidloo and Albinus.” In Medicine and Religion in Enlightenment Europe. England: Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2007. Pp 121-143. Kuretsky, Susan Donahue. “Lairesse Meets Bidloo, or the Case of the Absent Anatomist.” Midwestern Arcadia: Essays in Honor of Alison Kettering (2015): 28-38. Roberts, K. B., and Tomlinson, J. D. W. The Fabric of the Body: European Traditions of Anatomical Illustration. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992. Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Book Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Bidloo, Govard. Anatomia Humani Corporis. Amsterdam, for the widow of Joannes van Someren, the heirs of Joannes van Dyk, Henry Boom and widow of Theodore Boom, 1685. Audience A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful. Artists Medical practitioners Medical students Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Bookseller’s ticker of Frederik Muller, Amsterdam https://digex.lib.uoguelph.ca/files/original/253590aa419ab4d0f609a135bee6ff20.JPG 1ae806998cafffe368cdbcab9d1edf57 https://digex.lib.uoguelph.ca/files/original/6eb398d9b6e74cf3ad3645957e78e164.JPG 9d00224b2f5e348e3549e829e910c780 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bidloo and Cowper: Seventeenth Century Anatomical Conflicts Subject The topic of the resource Seventeenth Century Anatomical Atlas production and reception Description An account of the resource This collection will contain a series of illustrations and texts from three seventeenth century Dutch and English anatomical atlases, as well as correspondence between the anatomists Govard Bidloo and William Cowper Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rose Conlin Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available U.S. National Library of Medicine Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1685-1698 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine) Language A language of the resource Dutch Latin English Type The nature or genre of the resource Medical Text Portraiture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Seventeenth Century Dutch Republic, Seventeenth Century England Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1685, 1690, 1698 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gulielmus Cowper, Criminis Literarii Citatus, Coram Tribunali. Nobiliss: Ampliss: Societatis Britanno-Regiae, per Godefridum Bidloo Subject The topic of the resource Copyright Plagiarism Anatomy Description An account of the resource Within this pamphlet, directed at the Royal Society, Govard Bidloo accused the anatomist William Cowper of plagiarizing his earlier anatomical atlas by using his illustrations without permission. The pamphlet contains correspondence between the publishers Samuel Smith, Benjamin Walford, and Henry Boom, the physician to King William III, Dr. Hutton and Bidloo, and between Bidloo and William Cowper. Bidloo intiates his accusation by declaring Cowper to be a threat to all people publishing in the arts and sciences and demanding that the Royal Society expel him from their ranks. The pamphlet provides a vast amount of information regarding the transfer of Gerard de Lairesse's anatomical illustrations from Bidloo's publishers in Amsterdam, to Cowper's publishers in England. The pamphlet also sheds light on Bidloo's voracious personality as he provides a variety of colourful mockeries and names to describe Cowper and his plagiarism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Govard Bidloo Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Godefridi Bidloo Opera Omnia Anatomico Chirurgica. Edita et Inedita. Quorum Sequens Pagina Seriem Continet. (Translated to: Govard Bidloo's Anatomical and Surgical works, published and unpublished, the order of which is contained in the following pages) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Samuel Luchtmans Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1715 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Google (2011) Relation A related resource Anatomia Humani Corporis Ontleding des Meschelyken Lichaams The Anatomy of Humane Bodies Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Jpeg Language A language of the resource Latin Dutch Type The nature or genre of the resource Pamphlet Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Seventeenth century copyright conflicts Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1715 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Godefridi Bidloo Opera Omnia Anatomico Chirurgica. Edita et Inedita. Quorum Sequens Pagina Seriem Continet. (Translated to: Govard Bidloo's Anatomical and Surgical works, published and unpublished, the order of which is contained in the following pages) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Book Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Govard Bidloo. "Gulielmus Cowper Criminis Literarii Citatus Coram Tribunali Nobiliss. Ampliss. Societatis Britanno-Regiae, per Godefridum Bidloo." In Godefridi Bidloo Opera Omnia Anatomico Chirurgica. Edita et Inedita. Quorum Sequens Pagina Seriem Continet. (Translated to: Govard Bidloo's Anatomical and Surgical works, published and unpublished, the order of which is contained in the following pages). Leiden, Samuel Luchtmans, 1715. Pp 57 - 122. Audience A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful. The Royal Society, London William Cowper https://digex.lib.uoguelph.ca/files/original/fcf9ffc64d1b04bb14c1f6aa36655a99.jpg da9b730fec13854013f9a1ad52b29132 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bidloo and Cowper: Seventeenth Century Anatomical Conflicts Subject The topic of the resource Seventeenth Century Anatomical Atlas production and reception Description An account of the resource This collection will contain a series of illustrations and texts from three seventeenth century Dutch and English anatomical atlases, as well as correspondence between the anatomists Govard Bidloo and William Cowper Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rose Conlin Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available U.S. National Library of Medicine Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1685-1698 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine) Language A language of the resource Dutch Latin English Type The nature or genre of the resource Medical Text Portraiture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Seventeenth Century Dutch Republic, Seventeenth Century England Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1685, 1690, 1698 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Table 28: The Musculature of the Back of a Woman Subject The topic of the resource Anatomy Description An account of the resource The twenty eighth table of each atlas by Govard Bidloo and William Cowper depicts the back of a woman, the skin peeled away to reveal the inner musculature, while the woman's body is supported by an engaged arm. The skin has been cut down the center of the back and peeled away, draping along the sides of the woman's body under the arms. A sheet surrounds the hips and genitals, creating a modest representation of the female body. Visible are the erector spinae muscles, which travel up the length of the back, the Thoracolumbar fascia which reach out along the width of the back from the spine, the deltoid muscles on the shoulder, and the teres minor and major muscles that lie underneath the deltoids. A portion of the trapezius muscle remains on the left and right, however much has been cut off to reveal the erector spinae muscles. Fatty deposits are also visible on the skin that pools around the hips of the woman's body in the form of bubble like nodes. Although the models used for this illustration were the dead cadavers that Bidloo dissected during the late 1670s and early 1680s, Gerard de Lairesse employs his own understanding of muscles to portray how they appear in different positions. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gerard de Lairesse (artist), Peter and Philip van Gunst (engravers) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Anatomia Humani Corporis Ontleding des Meschelyken Lichaams The Anatomy of Humane Bodies Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Printed for the widow of Joannes van Someren, the heirs of Joannes van Dyk, Henry Boom and widow of Theodore Boom in 1685 and 1690 Printed at the theatre for Samuel Smith and Benjamin Walford, printers to the Royal Society in 1698 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1685 1690 1698 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Gerard de Lairesse Peter van Gunst Philip van Gunst Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Access (Vassar College Library) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Jpeg Language A language of the resource Latin Dutch English Type The nature or genre of the resource Medical Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Seventeenth century Dutch medical practice Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1685 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Anatomia Humani Corporis Ontleding des Meschelyken Lichaams The Anatomy of Humane Bodies Extent The size or duration of the resource. 62.5 x 36 cm Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Copperplate engraving on paper Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Govard Bidloo, "28th Table." Anatomia Humani Corporis. Amsterdam, for the widow of Joannes van Someren, the heirs of Joannes van Dyk, Henry Boom and widow of Theodore Boom, 1685. Audience A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful. Artists Medical practitioners Medical students https://digex.lib.uoguelph.ca/files/original/c988d0d405c55c5b51fd3bbb52bdbc28.jpg 577a3e537d0c658e9a447384a12e9fa6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bidloo and Cowper: Seventeenth Century Anatomical Conflicts Subject The topic of the resource Seventeenth Century Anatomical Atlas production and reception Description An account of the resource This collection will contain a series of illustrations and texts from three seventeenth century Dutch and English anatomical atlases, as well as correspondence between the anatomists Govard Bidloo and William Cowper Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rose Conlin Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available U.S. National Library of Medicine Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1685-1698 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine) Language A language of the resource Dutch Latin English Type The nature or genre of the resource Medical Text Portraiture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Seventeenth Century Dutch Republic, Seventeenth Century England Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1685, 1690, 1698 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Table 71: Muscles and Sinew of the Hand (Dissection of the Forearm) Subject The topic of the resource Anatomy Description An account of the resource The 71st table of Govard Bidloo and William Cowper's anatomical atlases displays the dissection of the forearm, with particular attention paid to the muscles and sinews that connect throughout the back of the hand. the forearm has been mostly stripped of its muscular components, as the radius and ulna are clearly visible. The wrist rests upon a rolled up cloth, and the elbow is propped between a book, presumably an anatomical atlas, and a block of wood to hold it in place. The entire display is situated upon a wooden block, similar to a modern cutting board. The muscles and sinew of the hand that would normally stretch up the arm along the bones is spread and curled artfully across the page, showing Gerard de Lairesse's own artistic agency. Each of the major muscles, bones, and regions of the hand are labelled with letters which are accompanied by simple explanatory text on the alternate page. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gerard de Lairesse (artist), Peter and Philip van Gunst (engravers) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Anatomia Humani Corporis Ontleding des Meschelyken Lichaams The Anatomy of Humane Bodies Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available for the widow of Joannes van Someren, the heirs of Joannes van Dyk, Henry Boom and widow of Theodore Boom in 1685 and 1690 Printed at the theatre for Samuel Smith and Benjamin Walford, printers to the Royal Society in 1698. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1685 1690 1698 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Govard Bidloo Gerard de Lairesse Peter van Gunst Philip van Gunst William Cowper Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2004) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Jpeg Language A language of the resource Latin Dutch English Type The nature or genre of the resource Medical Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Seventeenth century Dutch medical practice Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1685 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Anatomia Humani Corporis Ontleding des Meschelyken Lichaams The Anatomy of Humane Bodies Extent The size or duration of the resource. 62.5 x 36 cm Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Copperplate engraving Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Govard Bidloo. "71st Table." Anatomia Humani Corporis. Amsterdam, for the widow of Joannes van Someren, the heirs of Joannes van Dyk, Henry Boom and widow of Theodore Boom, 1685. Audience A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful. Artists Medical practitioners Medical students https://digex.lib.uoguelph.ca/files/original/1140778a5760534255cddfdcfef7d9fd.jpg 6b441c13aeb61354f63138d03db15af9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bidloo and Cowper: Seventeenth Century Anatomical Conflicts Subject The topic of the resource Seventeenth Century Anatomical Atlas production and reception Description An account of the resource This collection will contain a series of illustrations and texts from three seventeenth century Dutch and English anatomical atlases, as well as correspondence between the anatomists Govard Bidloo and William Cowper Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rose Conlin Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available U.S. National Library of Medicine Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1685-1698 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine) Language A language of the resource Dutch Latin English Type The nature or genre of the resource Medical Text Portraiture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Seventeenth Century Dutch Republic, Seventeenth Century England Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1685, 1690, 1698 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Table 88: A Skeleton Risen from its Tomb Subject The topic of the resource Anatomy Description An account of the resource The 88th table in Govard Bidloo's Anatomia Humani Corporis, and his later atlas Ontleding des Meschelyken Lichaams, depicts a skeletal figure holding a piece of drapery walking towards a tomb int he ground. The skeletal figure is situated beside a tomb in the ground, blocked out by large sheets of stone, located under a rusticated archway. In the background, a burial monument with a pyramidal block of stone resting atop female sphinx like figures is set on a pedestal. The artist Gerard de Lairesse, who designed the plates, took great liberty in creating a historicized landscape, complete with pastoral scenery of flowing trees, and rolling fields that lead to a far off town. The skeleton is shown walking away from the viewer, the body positioned in a contraposto stance with one leg engaged and the other abound to step onto the ledge of the tomb. Letters label the different bones that make up the skeleton, though the anatomist has decided to only provide labeling for the larger and more easily identifiable bones. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gerard de Lairesse (artist), Peter and Philip van Gunst (engravers) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Anatomia Humani Corporis Ontleding des Meschelyken Lichaams Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Printed for the widow of Joannes van Someren, the heirs of Joannes van Dyk, Henry Boom and widow of Theodore Boom in 1685 and 1690 Printed at the theatre for Samuel Smith and Benjamin Walford, printers to the Royal Society in 1698. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1685 1690 1698 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Govard Bidloo Gerard de Lairesse Peter van Gunst Philip van Gunst Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2004) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Jpeg Language A language of the resource Latin Dutch Type The nature or genre of the resource Medical Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Seventeenth century Dutch medical practice Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1685 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Anatomia Humani Corporis Ontleding des Meschelyken Lichaams Extent The size or duration of the resource. 62.5 x 36 cm Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Copperplate engraving on paper Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Govard Bidloo. "88th Table." Anatomia Humani Corporis. Amsterdam, for the widow of Joannes van Someren, the heirs of Joannes van Dyk, Henry Boom and widow of Theodore Boom, 1685. Audience A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful. Artists Medical practitioners Medical students Relation A related resource Anatomia Humani Corporis Ontleding des Meschelyken Lichaams https://digex.lib.uoguelph.ca/files/original/cdb47446f6208069df7eafb716eb3f05.jpg 95ebb2a84af3a30c6a4c7cde648577dd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bidloo and Cowper: Seventeenth Century Anatomical Conflicts Subject The topic of the resource Seventeenth Century Anatomical Atlas production and reception Description An account of the resource This collection will contain a series of illustrations and texts from three seventeenth century Dutch and English anatomical atlases, as well as correspondence between the anatomists Govard Bidloo and William Cowper Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rose Conlin Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available U.S. National Library of Medicine Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1685-1698 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine) Language A language of the resource Dutch Latin English Type The nature or genre of the resource Medical Text Portraiture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Seventeenth Century Dutch Republic, Seventeenth Century England Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1685, 1690, 1698 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appendix, Table 2: Male anatomical Figure showing Musculature Subject The topic of the resource Anatomy Description An account of the resource The second table of the appendix in William Cowper's The Anatomy of Humane Bodies depicts a male figure, facing away into a landscape that features an overlook, where the man stands, looking over a river, on which a walled town is located. His body is flayed of any skin, revealing the musculature underneath. The figure is posed in a contraposto stance, demonstrating how the muscles react when engaged and relaxed, and stretched in different ways through the positions of the legs and arms. The signature of the engraver, Michiel van der Gucht can be identified in the bottom right corner of the illustration. The signature of the artist who drew the illustrations, Henry Cook, can also be seen in the bottom left corner of the illustration. The appendix, a series of 9 additional plates designed by Henry Cook were added to the end of the 105 copperplate engravings designed by Gerard de Lairesse for Govard Bidloo's anatomical atlas. Bidloo's atlas failed to provide an examination of the entire musculature of the body, as well as several other features that Cowper felt was necessary to provide within his own anatomical atlas. The body is labelled in numerous locations with numbers and letters, identifying the different muscles of the body. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Henry Cook (artist), Michiel van der Gucht (engraver) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Anatomy of Humane Bodies Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Printed at the theatre for Samuel Smith and Benjamin Walford, printers to the Royal Societyin 1698. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1698 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource William Cowper Henry Cook Michiel van der Gucht Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2004) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Jpeg Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Medical Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Seventeenth century English medical practice Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1698 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The Anatomy of Humane Bodies Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Copperplate engraving Audience A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful. Artists Medical practitioners Medical students Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. The anatomy of humane bodies, with figures drawn after the life by some of the best masters in Europe, and curiously engraven in one hundred and fourteen copper plates, illustrated with large explications, containing many new anatomical discoveries, and chirurgical observations, to which is added an introduction explaining the animal oeconomy, with a copious index. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. William Cowper. "Appendix, 2nd Table." The Anatomy of Humane Bodies. Oxford, Printed at the theatre for Samuel Smith and Benjamin Walford, printers to the Royal Society, 1698.