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                <text>The allegorical title page of The Anatomy of Humane Bodies displays a scene with several individuals performing various tasks in a classical landscape. In the foreground, Father time is shown holding an hourglass while his scythe lies on the ground on the left. On the right of the foreground, three putti are depicted; one hold a piece of parchment, presumably with an anatomical diagram on it in front of the other two, one of which holds a skull, and the other points to a forearm which is spread across a small table. Behind them is the title of the atlas, which reads "The Anatomy of Humane Bodies by William Cowper Surgeon. 1698," which is printed on a piece of paper and pasted over the original engraved title of Ontleding des Meschelyken Lichaams. This is engraved upon a shield resting against a platform on which the allegory of Medicine sits, identified by the large volume that she rests against and the knife like tool she holds in her hand. Beside her, a young boy stands, his face shrouded by drapery, and the skin of his arm removed to display the inner musculature. Flying above and behind the allegory of Medicine is Gloria, identified by her wings and two horns. Finally, in the background, flanked by distinctly Baroque architecture, two skeletons converse with each other. This allegorical title page was purchased alongside three hundred imprints of the 105 copperplate engravings featured within Govard Bidloo's atlases from his publishers.</text>
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                <text>William Cowper. The Anatomy of Humane Bodies. Oxford, Printed at the theatre for Samuel Smith and Benjamin Walford, printers to the Royal Society, 1698.</text>
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                <text>The anatomy of humane bodies, with figures drawn after the life by some of the best masters in Europe, and curiously engraven in one hundred and fourteen copper plates, illustrated with large explications, containing many new anatomical discoveries, and chirurgical observations, to which is added an introduction explaining the animal oeconomy, with a copious index.</text>
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                <text>This copperplate engraving of Govard Bidloo was created by a well established portrait engraver, Abraham Blooteling, after a drawing created by the artist Gerard de Lairesse. It is signed by the artist and engraver in the bottom left and right corners of the portrait. Bidloo is displayed in formal dress, equipped with a curled wig and two knives, facing the viewer in a three quarter turn. </text>
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                <text>Gerard de Lairesse (artist), Abraham Blooteling (engraver)</text>
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                <text>Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2004)</text>
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                <text>Anatomia Humani Corporis</text>
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                <text>Govard Bidloo. Ontleding des Meschelyken Lichaams. Amsterdam, for the widow of Joannes van Someren, the heirs of Joannes van Dyk, Henry boom and widow of Theodore Boom, 1690.</text>
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                <text>Appendix, Table 2: Male anatomical Figure showing Musculature</text>
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                <text>The anatomy of humane bodies, with figures drawn after the life by some of the best masters in Europe, and curiously engraven in one hundred and fourteen copper plates, illustrated with large explications, containing many new anatomical discoveries, and chirurgical observations, to which is added an introduction explaining the animal oeconomy, with a copious index.</text>
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                <text>William Cowper. "Appendix, 2nd Table." The Anatomy of Humane Bodies. Oxford, Printed at the theatre for Samuel Smith and Benjamin Walford, printers to the Royal Society, 1698.</text>
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                <text>The 88th table in Govard Bidloo's Anatomia Humani Corporis, and his later atlas Ontleding des Meschelyken Lichaams, depicts a skeletal figure holding a piece of drapery walking towards a tomb int he ground. The skeletal figure is situated beside a tomb in the ground, blocked out by large sheets of stone, located under a rusticated archway. In the background, a burial monument with a pyramidal block of stone resting atop female sphinx like figures is set on a pedestal. The artist Gerard de Lairesse, who designed the plates, took great liberty in creating a historicized landscape, complete with pastoral scenery of flowing trees, and rolling fields that lead to a far off town. The skeleton is shown walking away from the viewer, the body positioned in a contraposto stance with one leg engaged and the other abound to step onto the ledge of the tomb.  Letters label the different bones that make up the skeleton, though the anatomist has decided to only provide labeling for the larger and more easily identifiable bones.</text>
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                <text>Philip van Gunst</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2004)</text>
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                <text>Anatomia Humani Corporis</text>
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                <text>Govard Bidloo. "88th Table." Anatomia Humani Corporis. Amsterdam, for the widow of Joannes van Someren, the heirs of Joannes van Dyk, Henry Boom and widow of Theodore Boom, 1685.</text>
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                <text>Medical practitioners</text>
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                <text>Anatomia Humani Corporis</text>
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                  <text>Bidloo and Cowper: Seventeenth Century Anatomical Conflicts</text>
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                  <text>This collection will contain a series of illustrations and texts from three seventeenth century Dutch and English anatomical atlases, as well as correspondence between the anatomists Govard Bidloo and William Cowper</text>
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                  <text>Rose Conlin</text>
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                  <text>U.S. National Library of Medicine</text>
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                  <text>1685-1698</text>
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              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="17323">
                  <text>Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine)</text>
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                  <text>Seventeenth Century Dutch Republic, Seventeenth Century England</text>
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                <text>Table 71: Muscles and Sinew of the Hand (Dissection of the Forearm)</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>The 71st table of Govard Bidloo and William Cowper's anatomical atlases displays the dissection of the forearm, with particular attention paid to the muscles and sinews that connect throughout the back of the hand. the forearm has been mostly stripped of its muscular components, as the radius and ulna are clearly visible. The wrist rests upon a rolled up cloth, and the elbow is propped between a book, presumably an anatomical atlas, and a block of wood to hold it in place. The entire display is situated upon a wooden block, similar to a modern cutting board. The muscles and sinew of the hand that would normally stretch up the arm along the bones is spread and curled artfully across the page, showing Gerard de Lairesse's own artistic agency. Each of the major muscles,  bones, and regions of the hand are labelled with letters which are accompanied by simple explanatory text on the alternate page.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17508">
                <text>Anatomia Humani Corporis</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17509">
                <text>Ontleding des Meschelyken Lichaams</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17510">
                <text>The Anatomy of Humane Bodies</text>
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                <text>for the widow of Joannes van Someren, the heirs of Joannes van Dyk, Henry Boom and widow of Theodore Boom in 1685 and 1690</text>
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                <text>1685</text>
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                <text>1698</text>
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                <text>Peter van Gunst</text>
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                <text>Philip van Gunst</text>
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                <text>William Cowper</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17519">
                <text>Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2004)</text>
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            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Anatomia Humani Corporis</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17527">
                <text>Ontleding des Meschelyken Lichaams</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17528">
                <text>The Anatomy of Humane Bodies</text>
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            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Govard Bidloo. "71st Table." Anatomia Humani Corporis. Amsterdam, for the widow of Joannes van Someren, the heirs of Joannes van Dyk, Henry Boom and widow of Theodore Boom, 1685.</text>
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                <text>Artists</text>
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                <text>Medical practitioners</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17535">
                <text>Medical students</text>
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                  <text>Bidloo and Cowper: Seventeenth Century Anatomical Conflicts</text>
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                  <text>Rose Conlin</text>
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              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>U.S. National Library of Medicine</text>
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              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                  <text>1685-1698</text>
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              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="17323">
                  <text>Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine)</text>
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              <name>Language</name>
              <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dutch</text>
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                <text>Table 28: The Musculature of the Back of a Woman</text>
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                <text>The twenty eighth table of each atlas by Govard Bidloo and William Cowper depicts the back of a woman, the skin peeled away to reveal the inner musculature, while the woman's body is supported by an engaged arm. The skin has been cut down the center of the back and peeled away, draping along the sides of the woman's body under the arms. A sheet surrounds the hips and genitals, creating a modest representation of the female body. Visible are the erector spinae muscles, which travel up the length of the back, the Thoracolumbar fascia which reach out along the width of the back from the spine, the deltoid muscles on the shoulder, and the teres minor and major muscles that lie underneath the deltoids. A portion of the trapezius muscle remains on the left and right, however much has been cut off to reveal the erector spinae muscles. Fatty deposits are also visible on the skin that pools around the hips of the woman's body in the form of bubble like nodes. Although the models used for this illustration were the dead cadavers that Bidloo dissected during the late 1670s and early 1680s, Gerard de Lairesse employs his own understanding of muscles to portray how they appear in different positions.</text>
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                <text>Gerard de Lairesse (artist), Peter and Philip van Gunst (engravers)</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Anatomia Humani Corporis</text>
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                <text>Ontleding des Meschelyken Lichaams</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17553">
                <text>The Anatomy of Humane Bodies</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Printed for the widow of Joannes van Someren, the heirs of Joannes van Dyk, Henry Boom and widow of Theodore Boom in 1685 and 1690</text>
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                <text>Printed at the theatre for Samuel Smith and Benjamin Walford, printers to the Royal Society in 1698</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17556">
                <text>1685</text>
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                <text>1698</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
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                <text>Gerard de Lairesse</text>
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                <text>Peter van Gunst</text>
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                <text>Philip van Gunst</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17562">
                <text>Public Access (Vassar College Library)</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17563">
                <text>Jpeg</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>Latin</text>
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                <text>English</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Medical Text</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>Seventeenth century Dutch medical practice</text>
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            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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                <text>1685</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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                <text>Anatomia Humani Corporis</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17571">
                <text>Ontleding des Meschelyken Lichaams</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17572">
                <text>The Anatomy of Humane Bodies</text>
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          <element elementId="78">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17573">
                <text>62.5 x 36 cm</text>
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            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17574">
                <text>Copperplate engraving on paper</text>
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            <description>A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17575">
                <text>Govard Bidloo, "28th Table." Anatomia Humani Corporis. Amsterdam, for the widow of Joannes van Someren, the heirs of Joannes van Dyk, Henry Boom and widow of Theodore Boom, 1685.</text>
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            <name>Audience</name>
            <description>A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17578">
                <text>Artists</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17579">
                <text>Medical practitioners</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17580">
                <text>Medical students</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="17316">
                  <text>Bidloo and Cowper: Seventeenth Century Anatomical Conflicts</text>
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            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="17317">
                  <text>Seventeenth Century Anatomical Atlas production and reception</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="17318">
                  <text>This collection will contain a series of illustrations and texts from three seventeenth century Dutch and English anatomical atlases, as well as correspondence between the anatomists Govard Bidloo and William Cowper</text>
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            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="17319">
                  <text>Rose Conlin</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="17320">
                  <text>U.S. National Library of Medicine</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="17322">
                  <text>1685-1698</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="17323">
                  <text>Public Access (U.S. National Library of Medicine)</text>
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            <element elementId="44">
              <name>Language</name>
              <description>A language of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="17325">
                  <text>Dutch</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="17326">
                  <text>Latin</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="17327">
                  <text>English</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="17328">
                  <text>Medical Text</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="17606">
                  <text>Portraiture</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="38">
              <name>Coverage</name>
              <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="17329">
                  <text>Seventeenth Century Dutch Republic, Seventeenth Century England</text>
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            <element elementId="56">
              <name>Date Created</name>
              <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="17607">
                  <text>1685, 1690, 1698</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17581">
                <text>Gulielmus Cowper, Criminis Literarii Citatus, Coram Tribunali. Nobiliss: Ampliss: Societatis Britanno-Regiae, per Godefridum Bidloo</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17582">
                <text>Copyright</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="17583">
                <text>Plagiarism</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17584">
                <text>Anatomy</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17585">
                <text>Within this pamphlet, directed at the Royal Society, Govard Bidloo accused the anatomist William Cowper of plagiarizing his earlier anatomical atlas by using his illustrations without permission. The pamphlet contains correspondence between the publishers Samuel Smith, Benjamin Walford, and Henry Boom,  the physician to King William III, Dr. Hutton and Bidloo, and between Bidloo and William Cowper.  Bidloo intiates his accusation by declaring Cowper to be a threat to all people publishing in the arts and sciences and demanding that the Royal Society expel him from their ranks. The pamphlet provides a vast amount of information regarding the transfer of Gerard de Lairesse's anatomical illustrations from Bidloo's publishers in Amsterdam, to Cowper's publishers in England. The pamphlet also sheds light on Bidloo's voracious personality as he provides a variety of colourful mockeries and names to describe Cowper and his plagiarism.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17586">
                <text>Govard Bidloo</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17587">
                <text>Godefridi Bidloo Opera Omnia Anatomico Chirurgica. Edita et Inedita. Quorum Sequens Pagina Seriem Continet. (Translated to: Govard Bidloo's Anatomical and Surgical works, published and unpublished, the order of which is contained in the following pages)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17588">
                <text>Samuel Luchtmans</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17589">
                <text>1715</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17590">
                <text>Google (2011)</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17591">
                <text>Anatomia Humani Corporis</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="17592">
                <text>Ontleding des Meschelyken Lichaams</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="17593">
                <text>The Anatomy of Humane Bodies</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17594">
                <text>Jpeg</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17595">
                <text>Latin</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17596">
                <text>Dutch</text>
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          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17597">
                <text>Pamphlet</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17598">
                <text>Seventeenth century copyright conflicts</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="56">
            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17599">
                <text>1715</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="70">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17600">
                <text>Godefridi Bidloo Opera Omnia Anatomico Chirurgica. Edita et Inedita. Quorum Sequens Pagina Seriem Continet. (Translated to: Govard Bidloo's Anatomical and Surgical works, published and unpublished, the order of which is contained in the following pages)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="79">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17601">
                <text>Book</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="80">
            <name>Bibliographic Citation</name>
            <description>A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17602">
                <text>Govard Bidloo. "Gulielmus Cowper Criminis Literarii Citatus Coram Tribunali Nobiliss. Ampliss. Societatis Britanno-Regiae, per Godefridum Bidloo." In Godefridi Bidloo Opera Omnia Anatomico Chirurgica. Edita et Inedita. Quorum Sequens Pagina Seriem Continet. (Translated to: Govard Bidloo's Anatomical and Surgical works, published and unpublished, the order of which is contained in the following pages). Leiden, Samuel Luchtmans, 1715. Pp 57 - 122.</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="86">
            <name>Audience</name>
            <description>A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17603">
                <text>The Royal Society, London</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17604">
                <text>William Cowper</text>
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          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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